皆さん、こんにちは。いよいよ明後日の日曜日（11/5）は英検の2次試験ですね。英検では全ての級において、2次試験の合格率が1次試験よりも高くなっておりますが、確実に合格するためには事前準備が必要です。特に1級の2次試験では半数が不合格になっており、特に2分間スピーチでの出来具合が合否を左右します。本日は、スピーチ全体の論理展開と話すべき内容を整理します。2日後に英検1級2次試験を受験される方は、チェックしておきましょう。
1.スピーチ全体の論理展開
＜Intro — 主張＞
（1）最初に背景を述べる。
[表現例]
・It’s a (highly) controversial issue whether or not ….
・It’s often debated that ….
・There have been a lot of discussions and debates about ….
（2）次に、自分と反対の意見や一般論を挙げた後で自分の意見を主張（＝それにより、主張が際立つ）。
[表現例]
・Some people argue that …, but I strongly believe that ….
・It is widely believed that …. However, in my opinion, ….
・Generally speaking, …, but actually / in reality, ….
（3）本題（Body）に入る前に、自分がそう思う理由の数を明示（3つが理想）。
[表現例]
・I will give you three reasons.
＜Body — 意見の根拠の明示、具体化＞
（1）Introの部分で述べた意見の理由を3つ挙げる。そして、一つ一つの理由に具体例を付ける。
[表現例1（数字を挙げて列挙する場合）]
Firstly, …. For example, …. And secondly, …. Lastly but most importantly, …
[表現例2（具体化の表現を使用する場合）]
・When it comes to …, ….
・Regarding …, ….
・In the case of …, ….
・In fact, ….
（2）欧米の思想の根底にある「二項対立の概念」を利用する。
[表現例]
・On the other hand, …
・In[By] contrast, … 前の発言とは反対のことを言及
・…, whereas … 主語の異なるものを比較・対照
・…, while … 単純に2つの物事を対比
・On the contrary, …
｢A (何かを否定) ＋ On the contrary＋B ( Aと反対＝自分の意見を強調 )｣
- On the contrary ― ある意見や視点自体の否定、拒絶
To the contrary ― 否定ではなく、単に反対の視点やコントラストを示す
・but at the same time 「その一方で」の意味として使う場合は
「at the same time」の前にbutをつける
＜Conclusion — 抽象化＞
本題部分で具体化させたものを抽象化させて締めくくる。
[表現例]
・For these reasons, ….
・In conclusion, ….
※締めくくりに “Thank you for listening.” を忘れずに！
2. スピーチサンプル
例えば、以下のような展開でスピーチを行うとよいでしょう。
Does the Internet have a Positive Impact on Society?
※「インターネット普及前と普及後」という二項対立の観点から述べています。
※各々のReasonにExampleを付けています。
＜Sample＞
Our lives have changed significantly since the emergence of the Internet. Some people say the Internet is addictive, but I strongly believe that the Internet has a positive impact on society. I will give you three reasons why I think so.
Firstly, the Internet allows us to obtain information easily. Prior to the spread of the Internet, our main sources of information were books, newspapers, and television. In contrast, since the Internet became widespread, we can acquire all kinds of information online. For example, when I was a student, I had to visit a lot of libraries in order to obtain information for my college reports. Since the main method of gathering information was from books, it was a time-consuming process. Nowadays, we can obtain various types of information instantly by searching on the Internet.
Secondly, we can now use a wide range of services through the Internet. Before the spread of the Internet, we needed to visit specific shops or organizations in order to purchase products or receive services. On the other hand, it is now possible to do so from inside our own homes. For example, in the pre-Internet age, it was necessary to study in the USA in order to receive an American college education. Nowadays, however, it is possible to receive an American college education from within Japan through online study, and even to graduate. Shopping is similar. I myself purchase clothes and daily goods online, which has saved me the time spent going to shops.
Finally, using the Internet has made it more convenient for us to communicate with friends and acquaintances. Formerly, it was often difficult to reach people on the phone. Since the Internet became widespread, we can use email to send and respond to messages at our convenience. Additionally, in addition to services like Gmail and Yahoo Mail, social media such as Facebook provides additional convenience by allowing us to instantly send information resources as well as messages.
So, for the reasons I have stated, I believe that the Internet has a positive impact on society. When used correctly, it is extremely beneficial. Therefore, it should continue to be utilized in future. Thank you for listening.
3.話すべき内容（ネタ）
論理展開をマスターしていても、話すべき内容（ネタ）がなければスピーチはできません。次のブログにて、代表的なトピックに関するネタを整理しますので、面接試験前に確認しましょう。